Cucumber vs WebdriverIO

Free tier available

Free and open source

Open source core. SmartBear sells CucumberStudio for collaborative scenario authoring, priced per user on request.

Free and open source. You pay in engineering time and CI minutes.

The Cucumber libraries are open source and free.

Everything, self-hosted

Widely used

Smartbear · since 2008

Widely used

OpenJS Foundation · since 2015

• Shared vocabulary between product, QA and engineering when the practice is actually followed.
• Scenarios double as living documentation that stays honest because it executes.
• Available in every major language.

• One API for web and native mobile, which is rare and genuinely useful if you ship both.
• Vendor-neutral: swap between local, grid and any device cloud by changing config.
• Mature plugin ecosystem for reporting, visual testing and accessibility.

• Almost always adopted as a syntax rather than a collaboration practice, at which point it is pure overhead on top of your real tests.
• The step-definition layer is a second codebase to maintain and refactor.
• Gherkin obscures technical detail that developers need when a test fails.

• Configuration-heavy compared to Playwright; the wdio.conf.js file becomes a project of its own.
• Inherits WebDriver's flakiness characteristics when used in WebDriver mode.
• Smaller community than Playwright or Cypress, so obscure problems take longer to solve.

Teams genuinely practising BDD with three-amigos sessions, not teams who just want prettier test names.

JavaScript teams that need one framework covering both web and native mobile.